Thermodynamic performance analysis and modified thermo-ecological cost optimization of a hybrid district heating system considering energy levels

Utilization of the renewable resources in district heating systems can reduce use fossil fuels, operating costs and protect environment. In this study, an integrated hybrid system consisting concentrating photovoltaic/thermal collectors (PV/T), geothermal (GSHP) absorption (AHP) heat pumps is considered for heating. The thermodynamic performance at various conditions explored through detailed simulations. A modified thermo-ecological cost (TEC) method used to optimize structure PV/T by considering contributions different flows. results show that a higher solar irradiance level PV coverage ratio have positive impact on thermal system. TEC-based optimization shows 66% yields minimum 6.86 J/J, which slightly lower than with conventional method. Based sensitivity analysis, other key parameters except time negative influence economic system, because increasing cumulative exergy consumption GSHP or PV/T.